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Utilization of excess heat from data centers.

Sharfuddin, Mohammad
Master thesis
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2688597
Date
2020
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Abstract
Digitalization has influenced the rapid growth of data centers around the world. The

advancement of IT and telecommunication also played a vital role in is this expansion of

data centers. Data centers facilitate the storage and access of data when required. Electric

power is the main energy input and heat is the main energy output from the data center.

This work is about the utilization of the excess heat which is the by-product of data center

operation. To connect the heat from data centers to a district heating network, a heat pump

might be necessary to increase the temperature of the heat. The economic potential for

different conditions and different heat recovery solutions are evaluated.

Simulations and economical optimization at different conditions in Aspen HYSYS were

carried out. Especially three alternatives were evaluated. The first is an alternative

without a heat pump in which the cooling water leaves the data center at 80 ºC and enters

the district heat network at 70 ºC. The second is an alternative with a slight temperature

increase in the heat pump. The cooling water temperature from the data center is 65 ºC

and the temperature to the district heat system is 70 ºC. The third is an alternative with a

higher temperature increase in the heat pump. The cooling water temperature from the

data center is 65 ºC and the temperature to the district heat system is 80 ºC. The COP

(Coefficient of Performance) in a heat pump for these alternatives were calculated using

the refrigerant R-22 in the simulation program Aspen HYSYS. The estimated economic

potential for each alternative was calculated by estimated values on electricity cost and

district heat price. In one alternative, the electricity cost was specified to 0.1 EUR/kWh,

and the district heat price was specified to 0.05 EUR/kWh. For the alternatives using heat

pumps, the capital cost was estimated assuming that the heat pump investment was

dominating.

The COPs for the two heat pump alternatives were calculated to be 8.66 and 5.4,

respectively. The economy for a large data center facility with recovered waste heat of

200 GWh/year was calculated for 10 years. For the specified conditions, the net present

value was calculated to be large and positive for all the alternatives. As expected, the

most economical alternative was without a heat pump, and the most economical heat pump

was the one with the highest COP. Sensitivity calculations were performed to show

dependencies of temperatures, district heating price, electricity cost, heat pump cost, COP,

and pipeline cost. Pipeline cost is very much dependent on the length and the local

conditions for which it was not possible to make a reasonable estimation.

The calculations show that there is a large potential in using waste heat from data centers

for district heating.
Publisher
University of South-Eastern Norway
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