Radiographers' experiences in working with patients living with dementia in Norway – A qualitative study

Abstract

Introduction: Imaging departments are seeing an increase in the number of patients living with de- mentia (PWD), driven by the ageing population and diagnostic benefits offered by medical imaging. This study explored radiographers' experiences during imaging examinations for PWD. Methods: A semi-structured interview guide comprising questions about radiographers' experiences, knowledge concerning PWD, challenges faced, and departmental initiatives was developed. Eight radi- ographers were interviewed, four working in MRI or general imaging, including CT and four in nuclear medicine, at three hospital trusts in Norway. Data analysis was conducted using inductive content analysis as described by Elo and Kyng€as, following a three-step process of preparation, organising and reporting. The qualified radiographers coded, categorised, and defined the themes and sub-themes to report on the findings. Results: Three main categories emerged: 1. Radiographers' experiences, which included overall chal- lenges and the radiographers’ attitudes. 2. Measures undertaken, outlining the actions radiographers take during procedures, and 3.Competencies, highlighting the knowledge possessed by radiographers. Organisational challenges, such as the absence of overarching protocols and insufficient training for radiographers related to PWD, posed difficulties in effectively conducting procedures. Creating a calm environment, collaborating with caregivers, scheduling adequate time for examinations, and possessing good communication skills were viewed as facilitators for conducting examinations successfully. Conclusion: Radiographers perceived imaging of patients living with dementia to be generally uncom- plicated. However, challenges in planning for and communicating with patients, particularly for advanced examinations or acute settings, were reported. Establishing dementia-friendly departments and training radiographers in specific communication techniques could be beneficial. Implications for practice: There is a need for more dementia-friendly imaging departments and communication training for radiographers working with PWD