The Total Cost of Ownership of Alternative Fuels for Operating an Existing RoPax Ferry
Abstract
The study consists of two main parts. The three main cost factors (fuel price, CO₂ pricing, and fuel storage) are revealed in the case study. With a systematic literature review, many articles, reports, and publications have been examined using the thematic analysis method, and the results are evaluated according to the other three factors (accessibility, maturity, and safety). As a result, the RoPax ferry owner can choose three fuel types that have been determined. The most important of these are biodiesel and LNG. Biodiesel may cause difficulties in terms of accessibility and fuel price. The toxicity of methanol is the most critical factor to consider for a passenger ship.